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The Challenges of Annotating Satellite Images for Whale Monitoring—and Why AI is Key.

Writer's picture: Felicity JohnsonFelicity Johnson

Updated: 22 hours ago


Annotated Beluga Whale from Satellite Image

Satellite imagery offers immense potential for monitoring marine life on a global scale. Thanks to advancements in technology, we now have satellites capable of capturing incredibly detailed images, allowing us to track wildlife from space. However, one of the biggest challenges we face is annotating these images to accurately identify animals in such vast, complex environments.


As a marine biologist working with satellite imagery, I’ve encountered the difficulties in detecting marine life from such a great distance. The difficulty stems from multiple factors. For one, scale is tricky to gauge from satellite images. It’s not always easy to determine the size of an animal, especially when it's surrounded by elements like waves or ice flows that can easily be mistaken for whales. And when it comes to species like bowhead whales, with dark bodies and only a few white markings on the chin and peduncle, identifying them can be very challenging. Without very high-resolution images, you risk confusing a cresting wave or a piece of ice with an animal that’s barely visible at the surface of the water.


Whale, ice or wave annotated satellite image.
Whale, ice or wave?

Secondly, environmental conditions play a very large part in the detection success rate. Even when environmental conditions are ideal, detecting whales from space can still be challenging. As well as choppy waters, cloud cover can also obscure the view, making it nearly impossible to accurately identify and count animals.


The ability to quickly and accurately analyze satellite images and identify animals at such a large scale isn’t something that can be done manually in a feasible timeframe. A single image may contain countless potential targets, and reviewing each one by hand would take a long time. This is where the need for AI becomes essential.


The scale of these surveys can generate thousands of images that must be processed. Manual annotation of satellite imagery is slow and resource-intensive. By automating the annotation process, we can focus on the crucial task of understanding wildlife populations and their behavior, which is key to their conservation. The power of satellite imagery is clear. It allows us to monitor whale populations across vast, remote areas - places that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to reach by boat or aircraft.


Challenges of Satellite Imagery & Innovation with AI

Cloud covered satellite image
Cloud Covered Satellite Image

Advantages of Satellite Imagery

Challenges with Satellite Imagery

Solutions with AI Assistance, such as Cetus

Huge Potential: AI and automation can help process large amounts of data quickly.

Accuracy Without AI: Manual analysis of vast amounts of data is prone to error and inefficiency.

Accuracy With AI: AI analysis of vast amounts of data is more efficient and accurate than manually doing so.

Cost-Effectiveness: Satellite imagery can reduce the need for costly fieldwork and physical access.

Scale Issues: Determining the size of animals in images can be tricky, especially in complex environments with waves or ice flows.

Time: Manual annotation is slow and requires significant human resources. This is where AI is essential and increases the processing time significantly.

Global Monitoring: Satellite imagery enables the tracking of marine life on a global scale.

Environmental Conditions: Factors like choppy waters and cloud cover can obscure the view, making identification challenging.


Remote Access: Satellites allow us to monitor difficult-to-reach regions (e.g., Arctic, Antarctic).

Species Identification: Identifying certain species (like bowhead whales) can be challenging due to their size and coloration.



At Whale Seeker, we’re combining cutting-edge AI with satellite imagery to detect marine life with greater accuracy and efficiency than ever before. The future of satellite imagery in wildlife monitoring is hopeful, but we know it requires constant innovation and refinement. With the help of AI, we can analyze vast amounts of data in record time, making it possible to monitor difficult-to-reach regions, like the Arctic and Antarctic, that would otherwise be inaccessible.


Let’s uncover how satellite imagery and Cetus can help with your strategic environmental assessments or understanding of changes in migration corridors and climate change and make a positive impact together.



F.A.Q.

What is Cetus, and how does it enhance satellite-based marine mammal detection?

Cetus is an AI-powered tool developed by Whale Seeker that automates the identification of marine mammals in satellite imagery. By leveraging machine learning, it improves detection accuracy, reduces manual annotation time, and helps researchers monitor marine life more efficiently.

How does satellite imagery help in monitoring marine life?

How does AI improve the accuracy of satellite-based whale detection?

What makes Cetus different from other AI-based wildlife detection tools?



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